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The Treaty of Alcáçovas (also known as Treaty or Peace of Alcáçovas-Toledo) was signed on 4 September 1479 between the Catholic Monarchs of Castile and Aragon on one side and Afonso V and his son, Prince John of Portugal, on the other side. It put an end to the War of the Castilian Succession, which ended with a victory of the Catholic Monarchs on land〔↓ Bailey W. Diffie and George D. Winius ''“In a war in which the Castilians were victorious on land and the Portuguese at sea, …”'' in ( ''Foundations of the Portuguese empire 1415-1580'' ), volume I, University of Minnesota Press, 1985, (p.152 ).〕 and a Portuguese victory on the sea.〔↓ Historian Malyn Newitt: ''“All things considered, it is not surprising that the Portuguese emerged victorious from this first maritime colonial war. They were far better organised than the Castilians, were able to raise money for the preparation and supply of their fleets and, and had clear central direction from ... '' 〔 The four peace treaties signed at Alcáçovas reflected that outcome: Isabella was recognized as Queen of Castile while Portugal reached hegemony in the Atlantic Ocean. The treaty intended to regulate: *The renunciation of Afonso V and Catholic Monarchs to the Castilian throne and Portuguese throne, respectively *The division of the Atlantic Ocean and overseas territories into two zones of influence *The destiny of Juana de Trastámara *The contract of marriage between Isabella, the eldest daughter of the Catholic Monarchs, with Afonso, heir of Prince John. This was known as Tercerias de Moura, and included the payment to Portugal of a war compensation by the Catholic Monarchs in the form of marriage dowry. *The pardon of the Castilian supporters of Juana ==War of the Castilian Succession== After Henry’s IV death (1474),the Castilian crown was disputed between the half-sister of the king, Isabella I of Castile, married to Prince Ferdinand II of Aragon, and the king’s daughter, Juana de Trastámara, popularly known as la Beltraneja - because her father was alleged to be Beltrán de la Cueva. In the subsequent civil war, Afonso V of Portugal married Juana and invaded Castile (May 1475), defending her rights.〔(''European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies to 1648'' ), p.33, Washington, D.C., Frances Gardiner Davenport, Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1917-37 - Google Books. Reprint edition, 4 vols., (October 2004), Lawbook Exchange, ISBN 1-58477-422-3〕 Parallel to the dynastic struggle, there was a fierce naval war between the fleets of Portugal and Castile to access and control overseas territories − especially Guinea - whose gold and slaves were the heart of the Portuguese power. The main events of this war were the indecisive〔↓ British historian Ian Robertson: ''“Civil war, however, was immediately provoked by the partisans of "la Beltraneja", whose claim was supported by the king of Portugal, but after the indecisive battle of Toro (1476) the Portuguese withdrew leaving Fernando and Isabel firmly established”'' in ( ''Spain, the mainland'' ), E. Benn, 1975, (p.18 ).〕〔↓ Historian Carl hanson: ''“In march 1476, the Portuguese and Castilian armies met at Toro. Thanks largely to '' Historian Stephen R. Bown: ''“(...) When Ferdinand an Isabella secured their rule after the Battle of Toro 1 march 1476- effectively eliminating the threat of Portuguese invasion but not officially ending the war- they renewed the twenty-year-old Castilian claim to their "ancient and exclusive" rights to the Canary Islands and the Guinea coast (...). They encouraged Spanish merchant ships to take advantage of the political disruption and considered making direct attacks on Portuguese vessels returning from Guinea, with the objective of seizing the monopoly. (...) In 1478 a Spanish fleet of thirty-five caravels was intercepted by an armed Portuguese squadron. Most of the fleet was captured and taken to Lisbon '' 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Treaty of Alcáçovas」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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